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Callable

A built-in type representing a method or a standalone function.

Description

Callable is a built-in Variant type that represents a function. It can either be a method within an Object instance, or a custom callable used for different purposes (see is_custom). Like all Variant types, it can be stored in variables and passed to other functions. It is most commonly used for signal callbacks.

func print_args(arg1, arg2, arg3 = ""):
    prints(arg1, arg2, arg3)

func test():
    var callable = Callable(self, "print_args")
    callable.call("hello", "world")  # Prints "hello world ".
    callable.call(Vector2.UP, 42, callable)  # Prints "(0, -1) 42 Node(node.gd)::print_args".
    callable.call("invalid")  # Invalid call, should have at least 2 arguments.

// Default parameter values are not supported.
public void PrintArgs(Variant arg1, Variant arg2, Variant arg3 = default)
{
    GD.PrintS(arg1, arg2, arg3);
}

public void Test()
{
    // Invalid calls fail silently.
    Callable callable = new Callable(this, MethodName.PrintArgs);
    callable.Call("hello", "world"); // Default parameter values are not supported, should have 3 arguments.
    callable.Call(Vector2.Up, 42, callable); // Prints "(0, -1) 42 Node(Node.cs)::PrintArgs".
    callable.Call("invalid"); // Invalid call, should have 3 arguments.
}

In GDScript, it's possible to create lambda functions within a method. Lambda functions are custom callables that are not associated with an Object instance. Optionally, lambda functions can also be named. The name will be displayed in the debugger, or when calling get_method.

func _init():
    var my_lambda = func (message):
        print(message)

    # Prints Hello everyone!
    my_lambda.call("Hello everyone!")

    # Prints "Attack!", when the button_pressed signal is emitted.
    button_pressed.connect(func(): print("Attack!"))

In GDScript, you can access methods and global functions as Callables:

tween.tween_callback(node.queue_free)  # Object methods.
tween.tween_callback(array.clear)  # Methods of built-in types.
tween.tween_callback(print.bind("Test"))  # Global functions.

Note: Dictionary does not support the above due to ambiguity with keys.

var dictionary = {"hello": "world"}

# This will not work, `clear` is treated as a key.
tween.tween_callback(dictionary.clear)

# This will work.
tween.tween_callback(Callable.create(dictionary, "clear"))

Note

There are notable differences when using this API with C#. See C# API differences to GDScript for more information.

Constructors

Callable	Callable()
Callable	Callable(from: Callable)
Callable	Callable(object: Object, method: StringName)

Methods

Callable	bind(...) vararg const
Callable	bindv(arguments: Array)
Variant	call(...) vararg const
void	call_deferred(...) vararg const
Variant	callv(arguments: Array) const
Callable	create(variant: Variant, method: StringName) static
int	get_argument_count() const
Array	get_bound_arguments() const
int	get_bound_arguments_count() const
StringName	get_method() const
Object	get_object() const
int	get_object_id() const
int	get_unbound_arguments_count() const
int	hash() const
bool	is_custom() const
bool	is_null() const
bool	is_standard() const
bool	is_valid() const
void	rpc(...) vararg const
void	rpc_id(peer_id: int, ...) vararg const
Callable	unbind(argcount: int) const

Operators

bool	operator !=(right: Callable)
bool	operator ==(right: Callable)

Constructor Descriptions

Callable Callable() 🔗

Constructs an empty Callable, with no object nor method bound.

Callable Callable(from: Callable)

Constructs a Callable as a copy of the given Callable.

Callable Callable(object: Object, method: StringName)

Creates a new Callable for the method named method in the specified object.

Note: For methods of built-in Variant types, use create instead.

Method Descriptions

Callable bind(...) vararg const 🔗

Returns a copy of this Callable with one or more arguments bound. When called, the bound arguments are passed after the arguments supplied by call. See also unbind.

Note: When this method is chained with other similar methods, the order in which the argument list is modified is read from right to left.

Callable bindv(arguments: Array) 🔗

Returns a copy of this Callable with one or more arguments bound, reading them from an array. When called, the bound arguments are passed after the arguments supplied by call. See also unbind.

Note: When this method is chained with other similar methods, the order in which the argument list is modified is read from right to left.

Variant call(...) vararg const 🔗

Calls the method represented by this Callable. Arguments can be passed and should match the method's signature.

void call_deferred(...) vararg const 🔗

Calls the method represented by this Callable in deferred mode, i.e. at the end of the current frame. Arguments can be passed and should match the method's signature.

func _ready():
    grab_focus.call_deferred()

public override void _Ready()
{
    Callable.From(GrabFocus).CallDeferred();
}

Note: Deferred calls are processed at idle time. Idle time happens mainly at the end of process and physics frames. In it, deferred calls will be run until there are none left, which means you can defer calls from other deferred calls and they'll still be run in the current idle time cycle. This means you should not call a method deferred from itself (or from a method called by it), as this causes infinite recursion the same way as if you had called the method directly.

See also Object.call_deferred.

Variant callv(arguments: Array) const 🔗

Calls the method represented by this Callable. Unlike call, this method expects all arguments to be contained inside the arguments Array.

Callable create(variant: Variant, method: StringName) static 🔗

Creates a new Callable for the method named method in the specified variant. To represent a method of a built-in Variant type, a custom callable is used (see is_custom). If variant is Object, then a standard callable will be created instead.

Note: This method is always necessary for the Dictionary type, as property syntax is used to access its entries. You may also use this method when variant's type is not known in advance (for polymorphism).

int get_argument_count() const 🔗

Returns the total number of arguments this Callable should take, including optional arguments. This means that any arguments bound with bind are subtracted from the result, and any arguments unbound with unbind are added to the result.

Array get_bound_arguments() const 🔗

Returns the array of arguments bound via successive bind or unbind calls. These arguments will be added after the arguments passed to the call, from which get_unbound_arguments_count arguments on the right have been previously excluded.

func get_effective_arguments(callable, call_args):
    assert(call_args.size() - callable.get_unbound_arguments_count() >= 0)
    var result = call_args.slice(0, call_args.size() - callable.get_unbound_arguments_count())
    result.append_array(callable.get_bound_arguments())
    return result

int get_bound_arguments_count() const 🔗

Returns the total amount of arguments bound via successive bind or unbind calls. This is the same as the size of the array returned by get_bound_arguments. See get_bound_arguments for details.

Note: The get_bound_arguments_count and get_unbound_arguments_count methods can both return positive values.

StringName get_method() const 🔗

Returns the name of the method represented by this Callable. If the callable is a GDScript lambda function, returns the function's name or "<anonymous lambda>".

Object get_object() const 🔗

Returns the object on which this Callable is called.

int get_object_id() const 🔗

Returns the ID of this Callable's object (see Object.get_instance_id).

int get_unbound_arguments_count() const 🔗

Returns the total amount of arguments unbound via successive bind or unbind calls. See get_bound_arguments for details.

Note: The get_bound_arguments_count and get_unbound_arguments_count methods can both return positive values.

int hash() const 🔗

Returns the 32-bit hash value of this Callable's object.

Note: Callables with equal content will always produce identical hash values. However, the reverse is not true. Returning identical hash values does not imply the callables are equal, because different callables can have identical hash values due to hash collisions. The engine uses a 32-bit hash algorithm for hash.

bool is_custom() const 🔗

Returns true if this Callable is a custom callable. Custom callables are used:

for binding/unbinding arguments (see bind and unbind);
for representing methods of built-in Variant types (see create);
for representing global, lambda, and RPC functions in GDScript;
for other purposes in the core, GDExtension, and C#.

bool is_null() const 🔗

Returns true if this Callable has no target to call the method on. Equivalent to callable == Callable().

Note: This is not the same as not is_valid() and using not is_null() will not guarantee that this callable can be called. Use is_valid instead.

bool is_standard() const 🔗

Returns true if this Callable is a standard callable. This method is the opposite of is_custom. Returns false if this callable is a lambda function.

bool is_valid() const 🔗

Returns true if the callable's object exists and has a valid method name assigned, or is a custom callable.

void rpc(...) vararg const 🔗

Perform an RPC (Remote Procedure Call) on all connected peers. This is used for multiplayer and is normally not available, unless the function being called has been marked as RPC (using @GDScript.@rpc or Node.rpc_config). Calling this method on unsupported functions will result in an error. See Node.rpc.

void rpc_id(peer_id: int, ...) vararg const 🔗

Perform an RPC (Remote Procedure Call) on a specific peer ID (see multiplayer documentation for reference). This is used for multiplayer and is normally not available unless the function being called has been marked as RPC (using @GDScript.@rpc or Node.rpc_config). Calling this method on unsupported functions will result in an error. See Node.rpc_id.

Callable unbind(argcount: int) const 🔗

Returns a copy of this Callable with a number of arguments unbound. In other words, when the new callable is called the last few arguments supplied by the user are ignored, according to argcount. The remaining arguments are passed to the callable. This allows to use the original callable in a context that attempts to pass more arguments than this callable can handle, e.g. a signal with a fixed number of arguments. See also bind.

Note: When this method is chained with other similar methods, the order in which the argument list is modified is read from right to left.

func _ready():
    foo.unbind(1).call(1, 2) # Calls foo(1).
    foo.bind(3, 4).unbind(1).call(1, 2) # Calls foo(1, 3, 4), note that it does not change the arguments from bind.

Operator Descriptions

bool operator !=(right: Callable) 🔗

Returns true if both Callables invoke different targets.

bool operator ==(right: Callable) 🔗

Returns true if both Callables invoke the same custom target.